Diabetes

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Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, caused by too little insulin or resistance to insulin or both.

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas helps in the control of blood sugar.

This excess glucose is responsible for most of the complications of diabetes, which include blindness, kidney failure, heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, and amputations.

This high blood sugar leads to  the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).

Specifically, there are three types of diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes (juvenile-onset diabetes)

This  is usually diagnosed during childhood. It  develops when the body’s immune system sees its own cells as foreign and attacks and destroys them. As a result, the islet cells of the pancreas, which normally produce insulin, are destroyed. So the body makes little or no insulin

The exact cause however is unknown. Genetics, viruses and autoimmune problems may play a role.

SYMPTOMS

• Fatigue
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Weight loss in spite of increased appetite

Type 2 diabetes(adult-onset diabetes)

This usually  affects older, sedentary, and overweight individuals with a family history of diabetes. The body cannot use insulin effectively. This is leading to high blood level in blood.

Type 2 diabetes has become far more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise.

SYMPTOMS

• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Increased appetite
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination

Gestational diabetes

This is high blood glucose that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life.

STEM CELL THERAPY FOR DIABETIS         

For years, researchers are running behind for the cure of diabetes. Despite progress in understanding the underlying disease mechanisms for diabetes, still the paucity of effective therapies remains.

The patients who receive pancreas transplant, has to undergo high dose of immunosuppressant medicines to prevent the rejection. This leads to some other harmful effects.

Now, researchers have turned their researches to autologus adult stem cells that appear to be precursors to islet cells and embryonic stem cells that produce insulin.

The procedure is called autologous stem cell transplantation. The stem cells  are filtered out of the blood, treated, and then re-introduced into the patient’s blood stream.

People with type 2 diabetes can often control their blood glucose concentrations through a combination of diet, exercise, and oral medication. Type 2 diabetes often progresses to the point where only insulin therapy will control blood glucose concentrations.

Recent research has also provided more evidence that the stem  cells can develop into cells that can and do produce insulin. These cells are procured from various sources including bone marrow, blood, fat etc. as per the treatment requirement of the patient. stems from the

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