Stem Cells Research

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STEM CELL RESEARCH

Stem Cell research  is a relatively new technology that deals with collection and development of stem cells and their uses.

Moral and ethical objections are there against embryonic  and fetal stem cells, but not against adult  stem cells as they are collecting from adult, alive human beings.

The adult stem cells are taken from blood , bone marrow or from adipose tissues to make autologus stem cells that can be used for the treatment of the person itself.

The one case where we have to avoid the autologus stem cells are in case of genetic disorders, as the cells belong to same gene and mutation.

The embryonic cells can be taken from infertility clinics, as multiple embryos are produced after the treatment  and only the most viable and healthy embryo is taken for the implant. The left over embryos are donated to others for fertility treatment,  preserved, given to research or discarded.

Ethical Issues

The objection is concerned with two things.

1) Human Cloning- The opponents argue that it is not in man’s hand to manufacture, manipulate or destroy human life.

2)The concern about True Embryo- As some says that the embryo is the beginning of the life , and can’t  be used for the purpose of embryo by preventing  the original growth. Even though the supporters say that these are, anyway for destruction

Legal Issues

In U.S it is legal to conduct stem cell research , even if for human cloning.

In India the legally approved research is only in adult stem cell experiments and Therapy.

Stem Cell Research in India: Emerging Scenario and Policy Concerns

Stem cell research in India is supported by the Department of Biotechnology of the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India. It exists to develop translational research with stem cells. This will include basic research, animal models for diseases and human clinical trials.

Stem cell programmes have been initiated with the aim of promoting both basic and translational research in view of its potential applications. The Stem cell research and its promotions are taking its shape gradually in India.

The Government of India has provided support to establish a Centre for SCR to carry out basic and translational research; training centres to provide training for both embryonic and adult stem cells; facilities in medical schools to handle stem cells; clinical research on myocardial infraction and stroke for safety and efficacy study; etc. Over 30 institutions, hospitals and industry are involved in SCR in the country. The government has invested about 8.0 million US$ for SCR in last two years. Support to small and large biotech companies is also being considered through the Research “Small Business Innovative Initiative (SBIRI)” scheme. Draft guidelines for SCR in the country have been formulated and the same is currently being placed for public debate(court. www.ris.org )

Mission

• To make scientific faculty involved in basic research that with translational potential, mostly with adult stem cells for the time being
• To provide a training program for students, scientists  and others, who will contribute to the manpower required for this field in the country.
• To develop cellular and animal models of diseases to test hypothesis generated
• To do clinical trials with stem cells produced under current good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions
• To accelerate the cure for major diseases in present and prevent  those  are expected in the future also.

Stem Cell Banking

Good quality of research materials are needed to carry out detailed basic research to come to know their  clinical applications. The stem cell banking is the idea which may hold stem cell lines derived originally from embryonic, fetal and adult tissues. This would also reduce the use of surplus embryos for the development of stem cell lines by individual teams.

To make the idea of  stem cell bank  work, the  proper networking among hospitals for supply of cord blood and a public-private partnership model are required. From the bank the cells  may be used to examine and to better understand the process of all development and the specific cell types,  specific tissues and organs  formed from them. The properties and behavior of stem cells to determine their usefulness for future cell therapies are also can be known. They can be used  for the experiments to  understand what goes wrong in cells to cause various diseases, .

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