Erectile Dysfunction

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Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction

This is a  disorder of the persistent inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, affects millions of men to various degrees.

Erectile problems almost always  have an impact on self-esteem and self-confidence of men. The ability to function sexually helps men define their role and shapes their identity. Loss of erectile function can be devastating.

Anatomy and Physiology

The penis consists of two parallel cylinders of erectile tissue, the corpora cavernosa (which has a mesh work of vascular endothelium), and a smaller, single ventrally placed cylinder, the corpus spongiosum, which surrounds the urethra and distally forms the glans penis . Venous drainage of the erectile bodies occurs via postcavernous venules draining into the deep dorsal vein.

In the flaccid penis, a balance exists between blood flow in and out of the erectile bodies.

 Normal Penile erection can be elicited by at least two distinct mechanisms, central psychogenic and reflexogenic, which interact during normal sexual activity. Blood flow into the corpora cavernosa increases. The rapid filling of the cavernosal spaces compresses venules resulting in decreased venous outflow, a process often referred to as the corporeal veno-occlusive mechanism. The combination of increased inflow and decreased outflow rapidly raises intracavernosal pressure resulting in progressive penile rigidity and full erection

Causes

 Medical problems

-Damage to arteries,  veins  and /or nerves due to some accidents or diseases like Diabetes which causes vascular disease and nerve damage

In addition to diabetes, kidney disease, chronic alcoholism, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, and vascular disease account for about 70 percent of all cases of ED. Other risk factors for erectile dysfunction include hypertension (high blood pressure); hyperlipidemia (excess fat or lipids in the blood); hypogonadism (decreased activity of the reproductive glands); endocrine disorders; smoking; anemia; trauma or injury to the pelvis or spine; coronary artery disease; Peyronie disease (a painful curvature of the penis, making penetration impossible); disease of the erectile tissue of the penis; vascular, colon, or prostate surgery;

psychological problems

- Depression. ;Stress from work and family; worry about poor sexual performance; marital problems; unresolved sexual orientation; depression; and fear or anxiety about contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. And performance anxiety (fear of failure).

As mental tension leads to adrenaline production, the tissues are getting constricted preventing the erection. But this psychological factors have only second turn in the ED as the primary cause will be some other causes, leading to it.

Medication: ED is also a side effect of many common drugs, including prescription and over-the-counter medications and illegal drugs. It’s estimated that 25 percent of all cases of ED have medication as their underlying cause.

-High blood pressure and antianginal medications:

- Ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome medications

- Many antidepressants

- Many antipsychotics affect potency

- Amphetamines such as Desoxyn (methamphetamine) are prescribed for weight loss

-Others  include Methadone for heroin addiction, Antabuse for alcoholism, Trecator for tuberculosis, Doral for insomnia, glaucoma medications, and any estrogen- or progesterone-containing drugs used to treat prostate cancer.

Smoking and Alcoholism

Many people seem to think that a good, stiff drink heightens the sexual experience.

But Alcohol is a depressant, and, when consumed in more than small amounts, it really reduces the ability to have an erection. Nicotine has both an immediate and a long-term effect on erections.

Nicotine directly interferes with the nerve pathways that produce and maintain an erection, and tobacco smoke causes heart disease and circulatory problems that reduce the supply of blood to the penis and destroy the flexibility of tissues. The toxins get accumulated in arteries also to block the blood flow.

Junk Food and Life Style

Due to sedentary  life style and increased intake of fatty food leads to blocking of arteries with fat deposits.

Age

The one of the common misconception is that ED is a part of aging and has to be accepted as such. But the truth is that Erectile dysfunction is not an inevitable consequence of aging. It strikes 5 percent of men who are 40 years old, but that number rises to 15 to 25 percent for those age 65 and older

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